Dissertação de Mestrado
(indexada pela 1ªvez em 16/12/2013)
Nome: Jennifer Jane SerraInstituição: Universidade Estadual de Campinas- UNICAMP. Instituto de Artes
Programa: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Multimeios
Orientador: Marcius Cesar Soares Freire
Ano: 2011
País: Brasil
Resumo
Esta pesquisa teve por finalidade analisar os mecanismos através dos quais filmes de animação podem ser vistos pelo espectador a partir de uma leitura documental e como a animação pode ser utilizada como estratégia discursiva em filmes documentários. Para tanto, delimitou-se como objeto de análise filmes classificados, tanto por seus realizadores como por instituições relacionadas ao campo do cinema, como "documentário animado" e utilizou-se a abordagem Semiopragmática do filme para analisar esse tipo de produção com base no conceito de "modo de leitura documentarizante" proposta pelo teórico Roger Odin. O corpus fílmico para esta análise foi composto pelos seguintes filmes: Silence (Sylvie Bringas e Orly Yadin, Inglaterra, 1998); A is for Autism (Tim Webb, Inglaterra, 1992); Animated Minds (Andy Glynne, Inglaterra, 2003 e 2008); Revolving Door (Alexandra e David Beesley, Austrália, 2006); Dossiê Rê Bordosa (Cesar Cabral, Brasil, 2008); O Divino, De Repente (Fábio Yamaji, Brasil, 2009). A análise desses filmes, em particular, e de outros documentários de animação permitiu visualizar que a leitura de um documentário articula operações e processos de produção de sentido e afetos concernentes tanto ao campo do cinema documentário quanto do cinema de animação. Em documentários animados, as operações do processo de leitura são suscitadas por estratégias narrativas próprias da animação, tais como metamorfose, simbolismo, performance, etc., e a leitura documentarizante pode ser conduzida por instruções que não recaem apenas sobre aspectos estilísticos do documental, mas também sobre elementos narrativos da animação. Além disso, a animação tem o poder de tornar visível o que não pode ser captado pelo olhar humano e pela câmera, tornando-se uma poderosa ferramenta para expor sentimentos, pensamentos e idéias e para explorar temas através de uma abordagem subjetiva. A união entre animação e narrativa documental no documentário animado, entretanto, é carregada de tensão, especialmente porque a animação é tradicionalmente associada ao universo do "faz de conta" e sua natureza subjetiva entra em conflito com a visão tradicional do documentário como sendo um relato objetivo sobre o real e relacionado aos discursos científicos. No processo de leitura de um documentário animado essa tensão está presente e é uma de suas particularidades. A natureza aparentemente contraditória da junção entre animação e documentário chama a atenção do espectador para novas possibilidades de representação do mundo histórico que não apenas os modos já estabelecidos de narrativa documental e suscita a reflexão sobre a abordagem das questões envolvidas nas asserções apresentadas pelo filme.
Palavras-chave: Documentário, Animação, Cinema - Semiótica
Abstract
This research aims to examine how the viewer can read animated films through a documentary reading and how animation can be used as a discursive strategy by documentary films. For this purpose, films classified - by their makers or institutions related to the cinema field - as "animated documentary" were chosen and used under the Semio-Pragmatic approach. The objective is to analyze this kind of production based on the concept of "documentarizing mode of reading" proposed by theorist Roger Odin. The set of films for this analysis consists of: Silence (Orly Yadin and Sylvie Bringas, England, 1998), A is for Autism (Tim Webb, England, 1992); Animated Minds (Andy Glynne, England, 2003 and 2008); Revolving Door (Alexandra and David Beesley, Australia, 2006); The Rê Bordosa Dossier (Cesar Cabral, Brazil, 2008), O Divino, De Repente (Fábio Yamaji, Brazil, 2009). The analysis of these films and other animated documentaries shows that the reading of an animated documentary articulates operations and production of meaning and affects related to both the fields of documentary and animation. The operations of the reading process of an animated documentary are raised by animation's narrative strategies, such as metamorphosis, symbolism, performance, etc., and the documentarizing reading can be produced by elements concerned to stylistic aspects of the documentary, but also based on elements of animation. In addition, animation has the power to make visible what is invisible to the human eye and to the camera, making the animated documentary a powerful tool to reveal feelings, thoughts and ideas and to explore issues through a subjective approach. The relationship between animation and documentary narrative in the animated documentary, however, has a tension. Because animation is traditionally associated with the fairytale world and it has a subjective nature it conflicts with the vision of the documentary as an objective narrative about the real and related to scientific discourses. In the process of the animated documentary reading this tension is present and one of its peculiarities. The contradictory nature of the junction between animation and documentary draws to the viewer the attention for new possibilities of representations about the historical world beyond the established modes of documentary narrative and it raises the viewer's reflection about the approach of the issues involved in the assertions made by the film.
This research aims to examine how the viewer can read animated films through a documentary reading and how animation can be used as a discursive strategy by documentary films. For this purpose, films classified - by their makers or institutions related to the cinema field - as "animated documentary" were chosen and used under the Semio-Pragmatic approach. The objective is to analyze this kind of production based on the concept of "documentarizing mode of reading" proposed by theorist Roger Odin. The set of films for this analysis consists of: Silence (Orly Yadin and Sylvie Bringas, England, 1998), A is for Autism (Tim Webb, England, 1992); Animated Minds (Andy Glynne, England, 2003 and 2008); Revolving Door (Alexandra and David Beesley, Australia, 2006); The Rê Bordosa Dossier (Cesar Cabral, Brazil, 2008), O Divino, De Repente (Fábio Yamaji, Brazil, 2009). The analysis of these films and other animated documentaries shows that the reading of an animated documentary articulates operations and production of meaning and affects related to both the fields of documentary and animation. The operations of the reading process of an animated documentary are raised by animation's narrative strategies, such as metamorphosis, symbolism, performance, etc., and the documentarizing reading can be produced by elements concerned to stylistic aspects of the documentary, but also based on elements of animation. In addition, animation has the power to make visible what is invisible to the human eye and to the camera, making the animated documentary a powerful tool to reveal feelings, thoughts and ideas and to explore issues through a subjective approach. The relationship between animation and documentary narrative in the animated documentary, however, has a tension. Because animation is traditionally associated with the fairytale world and it has a subjective nature it conflicts with the vision of the documentary as an objective narrative about the real and related to scientific discourses. In the process of the animated documentary reading this tension is present and one of its peculiarities. The contradictory nature of the junction between animation and documentary draws to the viewer the attention for new possibilities of representations about the historical world beyond the established modes of documentary narrative and it raises the viewer's reflection about the approach of the issues involved in the assertions made by the film.
Keywords: Documentary moving-pictures, Animation (Cinematography), Motion pictures - Semiotics
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